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The was an administrative reorganization enacted in 703 in Japan, at the end of the Asuka period.〔In the name "''Taihō'' Code," the noun "''Taihō''" refers to the ''nengō'' (Japanese era name) after "''Shuchō''" and before "''Keiun''." In other words, the ''Taihō'' Code was promulgated during ''Taihō'', which was a time period spanning the years from 701 through 704.''〕 It was historically one of the . It was compiled at the direction of Prince Osakabe, Fujiwara no Fuhito and Awata no Mahito.〔Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Taihō Code" in .〕 The work was begun at the request of Emperor Mommu and, like many other developments in the country at the time, it was largely an adaptation of the governmental system of China's Tang Dynasty.〔 The establishment of the Taihō Code was one of the first events to include Confucianism as a significant element in the Japanese code of ethics and government. The Code was revised during the Nara period to accommodate certain Japanese traditions and practical necessities of administration. The revised edition was named the .〔In the name "''Yōrō'' Code," the noun "''Yōrō''" refers to the ''nengō'' (Japanese era name) after "''Reiki''" and before "''Jinki''." In other words, the ''Yōrō'' Code was promulgated during ''Yōrō'', which was a time period spanning the years from 717 through 724.〕 Major work on the Yōrō Code was completed in 718.〔 However, for some elements of the Code, Chinese logic and morals were taken to extremes. The Taihō Code contained only two major departures from the Tang model. First, government positions and class status were based on birth, as had always been the Japanese tradition, not talent, as was the Chinese way. Second, the Japanese rejected the Chinese concept of the "Mandate of Heaven," asserting that the Emperor's power comes from his imperial descent, not from his righteousness or fairness as a ruler. This code is said to be based on the , enacted in 651 by the Chinese (Emperor Yonghui). ==Governmental organization== The Taihō Code established two branches of government: the and the . The ''Jingi-kan'' was the higher branch, taking precedence over the ''Daijō-kan'' and handled all spiritual, religious, or ritualistic matters. The ''Daijō-kan'' handled all secular and administrative matters. The ''Jingi-kan'', or Department of Worship, was responsible for annual festivals and official court ceremonies such as coronations, as well as the upkeep of shrines, the discipline of shrine wardens, and the recording and observation of oracles and divinations. It is important to note that the department, though it governed all the Shintō shrines in the country, had no connection with Buddhism. The ''Daijō-kan'', or Department of State, handled all secular matters and was headed by the Great Council of State, which was presided over by the ''Daijō Daijin'' (太政大臣, Chancellor). The Ministers of the Left and Right (''Sadaijin'' 左大臣 and ''Udaijin'' 右大臣 respectively), Controllers of the Left and Right (''Sadaiben'' 左大弁 and ''Udaiben'' 右大弁), four Great Councillors (''Dainagon'' 大納言) and three Minor Councillors (''Shōnagon'' 少納言) made up the Council, and were responsible to the ''Daijō-daijin''. The eight government Ministries were, in turn, responsible to the Controllers and Ministers of the Left and Right. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Taihō Code」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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